In a recent talk in Michigan, theologian George Weigel, well-known as biographer of John Paul the Great, spoke about the social teaching of the Church. He specifically spoke about the contributions of John Paul the Great ("JPG"). Weigel gave an overview of JPG's contribution encyclical by encyclical. Here is the overview, with my comments interspersed.
1. Laborem Exercens (1981): Here JPG presented a view of work that contrasts to the view of work as merely punishment for sin. For JPG, work is the expression of human creativity which participates in God's sustaining creative power. Interestingly, in today's world, some analysts are focusing on the new economy in which work is more about human creativity than about making durable goods.
2. Sollicitudo Rei Socialis (1987): In this encyclical, JPG affirmed the right of economic initiative, a right linked to the theme of work as creativity.
3. Centesimus Annus (1991): This encyclical, written to mark the centenary of Leo XIII's landmark social encyclical Rerum Novarum, is, in Weigel's words, a "big leap." Weigel notes six great themes in this document:
a. A free and virtuous society consists of three interlocking parts: a democratic political community; a free economy; and a vigorous public moral culture. The key component that directs the rest is a vigorous public moral culture.
b. The Church's vision of the person and of society is necessary to hold democracy and the market to account. Democracy and the market are not "machines" that can run on their own without moral guidance.
c. Freedom is not willfulness. Genuine freedom is not about doing whatever you choose to will.
d. Voluntary, non-governmental associations represent the "subjectivity of society" and are essential components of a free society and, in fact, serve as schools of freedom.
e. In an insight now common among many other thinkers, JPG points out that wealth is not just natural resources or land but is primarily tied to entrepreneurial ideas, skills, creativity, and imagination.
f. JPG proposes a new way of thinking of the poor, namely, as persons with potential to be unleashed by including them in the networks where ideas, skills, and entrepreneurial instincts are learned. Weigel views this theme as a strong critique of welfare dependency.
4. Evangelium Vitae (1995): Opposition to abortion is an elementary principle of justice and is not primarily a religious argument. Democracy risks destruction if persons are reduced to categories of utility (as has been done, for example, in American culture in the realm of sexual mores). The life arising from human conception is a human person with a unique genetic identity who is thus entitled to equality before the law. The Church's opposition to abortion and euthanasia will not change. By the way, in the talk, Weigel also noted that the U.S. bishops in 1998 abandoned the "Seamless Garment" metaphor which treated issues like capital punishment as equal in weight to the issue of abortion. The abortion and the euthanasia issues are more fundamental than other issues.
Weigel also added his own view in the talk that there are three big ideas with "global traction" in the world today: 1.) Pragmatic Materialism and Utilitarianism (what reigns supreme today in American culture); 2.) Radical Islam (proposing coercion as an instrument of religious expansionism); and 3.) the Catholic Proposal, which views freedom as the freedom to choose what is true and good and which rejects coercion as a social instrument. The civilized proposal is the Catholic Proposal. It is also the proposal that will lead to human flourishing.